Vijaysar (Pterocarpus marsupium), commonly known as the Indian Kino tree, is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Ayurveda for managing Madhumeha (a condition described in Ayurvedic literature with features resembling diabetes mellitus). Its potential role in glycaemic control has attracted scientific interest because of its bioactive phytoconstituents and reported blood glucose-lowering properties.1
Phytochemical basis of glycaemic control
The heartwood and bark of Vijaysar contain several bioactive compounds, including epicatechin, pterostilbene, marsupsin, pterosupin and liquiritigenin. Among these, epicatechin and pterostilbene have received particular attention for their potential antihyperglycaemic effects.
Experimental investigations suggest that these compounds may influence glucose metabolism through multiple mechanisms:
- Insulin secretion and pancreatic function: Epicatechin has demonstrated potential beta-cell protective and insulin-supporting effects in experimental models
- Insulin sensitivity: Certain phenolic compounds may improve insulin responsiveness and influence glucose utilisation in peripheral tissues
- Carbohydrate digestion: Laboratory studies suggest that Vijaysar extracts may inhibit alpha-amylase activity, potentially slowing carbohydrate breakdown and glucose release
- Oxidative stress modulation: Its antioxidant constituents may help reduce oxidative stress associated with persistent hyperglycaemia and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction
These mechanisms are primarily supported by preclinical investigations and require further validation in human studies.
Clinical considerations
Although Vijaysar demonstrates promising antihyperglycaemic potential, current clinical evidence is insufficient to establish its efficacy as an independent diabetes treatment. Variations in plant extracts, phytochemical composition and preparation methods also create challenges in standardisation.
Its possible glucose-lowering effects warrant attention when used alongside conventional antidiabetic medications because of the potential for additive effects on blood glucose. Safety, drug interactions and long-term outcomes require further clinical evaluation.
Conclusion
Vijaysar possesses promising glucose-modulating properties supported by experimental research and preliminary clinical observations. Its phytoconstituents may influence insulin activity, glucose metabolism and carbohydrate digestion. However, larger, well-designed randomised controlled trials are necessary to establish its clinical effectiveness, safety and appropriate role in glycaemic management. It should not replace established diabetes treatment.2
Reference
- Dar MI, Rafat S, Dev K, et al. Heartwood Extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Offers Defense against Oxyradicals and Improves Glucose Uptake in HepG2 Cells. Metabolites. 2022;12(10):947. Published 2022 Oct 5. doi:10.3390/metabo12100947 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9607431/
- Hingwasiya, Shweta & Dubey, Kamini. (2025). Antihyperglycemic Effects of Pterocarpus marsupium (Vijaysar): Bridging between Folk knowledge and scientific validation. A review. FLORA AND FAUNA. 10.33451/florafauna.v31i2pp373-379. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/412714984